Introduction to Embedded Systems

What is an Embedded System?

An Embedded system is a computer system with a dedicated function with  real-time computing constraints. It is integrated as part of a device often including hardware and mechanical parts.  An Embedded system is a device controlled by set of instructions which is stored on a chip.These devices are usually controlled by a processor that executes the instructions stored on a memory chip.

It is a combination of Computer Hardware, Software and perhaps additional Mechanical Parts, designed to perform a Specific Function.

Desktop System Vs Embedded System

1. In contrast to Desktops that performs a Variety of Tasks, an Embedded System performs a Single, Well-Defined Task. 
2. The System has a Processor, Associated Peripherals, and Software for a Specific Purpose.
3. For example, in a Mobile Phone the Embedded Processor needs to Process Voice (to Send and Receive Speech Signals) as well as implement Communication Protocols. 
4. The Hardware is Custom Built for the Specific Purpose

Generalization of Application Areas

Embedded Systems cover such a broad range of products that generalization is difficult. Here are some broad categories:

1. Aerospace 
2. Defense Electronics
3. Automotive
4. Broadcast 
5. Entertainment
6. Consumer Appliances
7. Digital Imaging
8. Industrial Measurement and Control

A typical Embedded system contains:

1.Processor

2.Memory

3.IO devices

4.Software to control

Software Architecture of an Embedded System

The software in Embedded systems consists of

1.  Operating system

2.  Application software 

Embedded systems are constrained for memory so we can’t use an operating systems such as Windows or Linux.

Services provided by operating system:

1.Process/task management

2.Memory management

3.I/O management

4.Providing the services to the application

5.Providing the user interface 

Attributes of Embedded system :

1.Reliability

2.Performance

3.Power Consumption

4.Cost

5.Size

6.Small foot prints

7.Limited User Interface

8.portability

9.scalability

10.Software Up gradation Capability